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This research analyzes the historical, institutional, ideological, and international foundations of Turkmenistan's authoritarian regime, which took shape after 1991. The
This research analyzes the evolution of authoritarianism in Uzbekistan since 1991, focusing on two major phases: the repressive personalist regime
The first part of the article is available here: Click---In March 2019, with the unexpected resignation of Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan
This study demonstrates that Kazakhstan’s political regime is based on a complex and adaptive governance model combining elements of classical
